Autism Screening Test
Question 1 of 80
I often use words and phrases that are unusual in conversation
About the RAADS-R Test
The Ritvo Autism Asperger Diagnostic Scale-Revised (RAADS-R) is a comprehensive self-report questionnaire designed to assist in identifying autism spectrum traits in adults.
Developed by Dr. Riva Ariella Ritvo and colleagues, the RAADS-R was published in 2011 and has become one of the most widely used autism screening tools for adults. It was specifically designed to address the challenge of identifying autism in individuals who may have developed compensation strategies or whose symptoms manifest differently than in childhood.
The test helps identify autistic traits that may have been present throughout life but were not previously recognized. It is particularly valuable for adults seeking to understand themselves better, especially those who suspect they may be on the autism spectrum but were never diagnosed in childhood.
Scientific Basis and Accuracy
The RAADS-R has been extensively validated through multiple research studies and demonstrates strong psychometric properties.
Reliability
The RAADS-R shows excellent internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha > 0.95) and test-retest reliability. Research demonstrates that it can differentiate between individuals on the autism spectrum and neurotypical individuals with 97% sensitivity and 100% specificity when properly administered and interpreted.
Validation
Validation studies have confirmed the RAADS-R's effectiveness across different populations, including adults with late diagnoses, those with high-functioning autism, and individuals with Asperger's syndrome. The test has been validated internationally and translated into multiple languages.
How the RAADS-R Test Works
The RAADS-R consists of 80 questions that assess autism-related symptoms across an individual's lifetime.
Questions
80 carefully designed questions covering various aspects of autism spectrum traits. Each question asks you to rate how true statements were for you at different points in your life (now, age 16, and earlier).
Timeframe
Questions assess both current symptoms and symptoms that may have been present earlier in life. This lifetime perspective helps capture autism traits that may have been masked or compensated for over time.
Scoring
Responses are scored on a 4-point scale (0-3). The total score ranges from 0 to 240, with higher scores indicating more autism spectrum traits. Subscale scores are also calculated for the four domains.
Four Assessment Domains Explained
The RAADS-R evaluates autism traits across four key areas of functioning:
Social Relatedness (39 items)
Assesses difficulties in social interaction, understanding social cues, forming and maintaining relationships, and reciprocal social communication.
- Understanding unwritten social rules
- Making and keeping friends
- Reading facial expressions and body language
- Engaging in small talk and casual conversation
Language (7 items)
Evaluates communication patterns, including literal interpretation, unusual word use, difficulty with figurative language, and pragmatic language challenges.
- Understanding idioms, metaphors, and sarcasm
- Using unusual phrases or speaking patterns
- Difficulty with back-and-forth conversation
- Taking things too literally
Sensory/Motor (20 items)
Examines sensory sensitivities (over or under-responsiveness), motor coordination, and unusual sensory-seeking or avoidance behaviors.
- Sensitivity to sounds, lights, textures, or smells
- Unusual reactions to pain or temperature
- Motor coordination difficulties
- Repetitive movements or stimming behaviors
Circumscribed Interests (14 items)
Measures intense, focused interests, need for sameness and routine, resistance to change, and repetitive behaviors.
- Deep, specialized interests in specific topics
- Need for routines and predictability
- Distress when routines are disrupted
- Collecting or categorizing objects
Score Ranges and What They Mean
Understanding your RAADS-R score helps you recognize patterns and determine next steps:
Below Clinical Threshold
Scores in this range typically indicate fewer autism spectrum traits. While some individual differences may exist, the overall pattern is not consistent with autism spectrum disorder.
Mild Range
Scores in this range suggest autism spectrum traits are present and may impact functioning. Professional evaluation is recommended to determine if criteria for autism diagnosis are met.
Moderate Range
Scores indicate significant autism spectrum traits consistent with an autism diagnosis. Individuals in this range typically experience noticeable challenges in social, sensory, and/or communication domains.
High Range
Scores indicate substantial autism spectrum traits across multiple domains. Individuals in this range typically have significant challenges and may benefit considerably from appropriate support and accommodations.
Important: These ranges are guidelines only. A high score does NOT provide a diagnosis, and a low score does NOT rule out autism. Only a qualified clinician can diagnose autism through comprehensive evaluation.
RAADS-R vs. Other Autism Tests
How does the RAADS-R compare to other autism screening tools?
RAADS-R Strengths & Limitations
Advantages:
- Comprehensive - 80 questions provide detailed assessment
- Lifetime perspective - captures traits from childhood through adulthood
- High accuracy - excellent sensitivity and specificity in research
- Designed specifically for adults, including those with compensation strategies
Limitations:
- Self-report only - subject to reporting bias
- Length - takes 15-20 minutes to complete
- Not diagnostic - screening tool only, requires professional follow-up
- May not capture masking or camouflaging effectively in all cases
Other Common Autism Screening Tools
AQ-10 (Autism Spectrum Quotient-10)
Quick 10-question screening tool. Faster but less comprehensive than RAADS-R. Good for initial screening.
ADOS-2 (Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule)
Gold standard diagnostic assessment administered by trained clinicians. More comprehensive and accurate but requires professional administration.
ADI-R (Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised)
Structured parent/caregiver interview used in diagnostic evaluations. Provides developmental history perspective.
CAT-Q (Camouflaging Autistic Traits Questionnaire)
Assesses masking and camouflaging behaviors often used by autistic individuals, especially women and those diagnosed late.
Test Limitations and Important Considerations
While the RAADS-R is a valuable screening tool, it's important to understand its limitations:
- Self-Report Bias: Responses depend on self-awareness and accurate self-reporting, which can be influenced by many factors including current mood, memory, and understanding of questions.
- Not a Diagnostic Tool: The RAADS-R is a screening instrument, not a diagnostic test. Only qualified professionals can diagnose autism through comprehensive clinical evaluation.
- Cultural Considerations: The test was developed primarily in Western contexts. Cultural differences in social norms and communication styles may affect interpretation.
- Co-occurring Conditions: Other conditions (ADHD, anxiety, depression, trauma) can produce similar symptoms, potentially leading to higher scores even without autism.
- Masking and Camouflaging: Some individuals, particularly women and those diagnosed later in life, may have developed compensation strategies that could affect test results.
- Gender Differences: Autism may present differently across genders. The test may be less sensitive to presentation patterns more common in women and non-binary individuals.
Despite these limitations, the RAADS-R remains a valuable tool when used as part of a comprehensive evaluation process. Results should always be discussed with a qualified healthcare professional who can consider your complete clinical picture.
What to Do After Taking the RAADS-R
Based on your results, here are recommended next steps:
1Save and Review Your Results
Keep a copy of your detailed results including subscale scores. Review the domains where you scored highest to understand your specific pattern of traits.
2Seek Professional Evaluation
If your score suggests autism traits (especially ≥65), consider scheduling an evaluation with a psychologist, psychiatrist, or specialist experienced in adult autism assessment.
3Gather Additional Information
Collect childhood information if available (school reports, parent observations). Consider asking family members about early developmental patterns. This information is valuable for professional evaluations.
4Learn About Autism in Adults
Educate yourself about autism presentation in adults. Many resources exist specifically for late-identified autistic adults, which may help you understand your experiences better.
5Connect with the Autistic Community
Whether or not you pursue formal diagnosis, connecting with other autistic adults can provide valuable perspective, support, and practical strategies for daily challenges.